Introduction:
In this post, we will see how to use the httpd Docker image and adapt it to our needs and run the Apache web server as a Docker container.
As an additional example, we will also implement a Docker reverse proxy.
Since we are directing this post towards installing and configuring Docker and Apache. We haven't covered reverse proxy basics and building blocks, but you can read about what reverse proxy is and how to configure it in traditional Apache web server.in this link
I think you now understand what reverse proxy is and how it works, and it is configured in a normal and traditional Apache HTTPD server environment.
Now let's proceed to configure Docker Apache Image Creation and Reverse Proxy.
step index:
- Select DockerHub's HTTPD image (or) Optionally download the image to local
- Write Dockerfile and use the standard HTTPD image, extend and customize it.
- Create a local httpd.conf file and enable the required modules
- Build and build an image with Dockerfile
- Create HTML and configuration files to run the container
- Create a workspace
- Create two named directories
Websites
mihtml files
conf or html files - Create a virtual host configuration file
*.conf
lowWebsites
directory - Create HTML files in
html files
directory
- Start your Apache HTTPD Docker image container with the required volumes and port forwarding.
- Access the URL and validate the reverse proxy
Step 1: Select DockerHub HTTPD Image (Download Image)
Let's select the latest official Apache HTTPD image and download it locally as wellsnap handle
CLI command
on your master server where you run theDocker-Container-Engine (CE)
Use docker pull command like this
Stauerhttpd:extract last
In fact, it is not necessary to mention the word explicitlynewer
Here. if you just mention ithttpd
the most recent image would be captured.
Note*: You can make sure the image has been downloaded or not by using theDocker images
CLI command
Step 2: Dockerfile to build a custom HTTPD image
Now the question might be: Why can't we just use the httpd image as is?
The answer is the downloaded patternhttpd
The image would have a minimum number of enabled modules. To implement the reverse proxy, we need to enable some modules likemod_proxy,mod_slotmem_shm,mod_watchdogetc.
Also, we need to enable support for our custom virtual host file and HTML files in the container before building them. Later, during boot time, we can provide these files (conf, html) to the container
Here's the Dockerfile with self-descriptive comments for each line.
# The base image used to build this imageSINCEhttpd:last# Just my name who wrote this fileMANUTENTORSarawak ([email protected])# to copy a file named httpd.conf from the current working directory to /usr/local/apache2/conf inside the container# I took the default httpd.conf file and enabled the necessary modules and added support for an additional directoryCOPY OF httpd.conf /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf# This is the additional directory where we will store our virtualhost configuration files# You can use the image to create N different virtual hostsKORRE mkdir -p /usr/local/apache2/conf/sites/# To tell Docker to expose this portEXPOSE 80# The base command, this command should be used to start the container# Remember that a container is a process. As long as the base process (started by the base cmd) is active, the container is ALIVE.CMD ["httpd","-D","FOREGROUND"]
Step 2a - Get the default Apache2 httpd.conf file and enable the modules you need
I downloaded the patternhttpd.conf
File and activated the required modules likemod_proxy
,mod_ssl
etc.
Download the httpd.conf file here.
Copy the content from the link above and create a file with the namehttpd.conf
in the same directory where theDockerfile
It is.
If you look at our customhttpd.conf
We also add a directive calledIncludeOptional
to add a configuration directory where our virtual host configuration files can be placed.
none*.conf
Files placed in this directory would be honored by Apache HTTPD
IncludeOptionalconf/sites/*.conf
If you scroll back and look at our Dockerfile again, you can see that we are creating this directory
KORRE
mkdir -p /usr/local/apache2/conf/sites/
That's how it isWebsites
The directory is the location of our dedicated configuration files where we can put our virtual host configuration files
Step 3: Build and build a Dockerfile image
In the same directory where our Dockerfile and httpd.conf file is located. Run the following command
Stauer build up-t httpd-proxyaktiviert .
Now the image is ready and available in your local image repository and the image name ishttpd proxy enabled
Step 4: Create the configuration files and directories (virtual host and html files)
Now let's create our virtual host configuration file (a website) and it will be loaded into the container on startup.
Sharing a single file between the container and the local server is not recommended. You can always share a directory as a volume between a container and a host.
So we're going to create two new directories to hold our HTML and conf files respectively, and mount those directories as a volume inside the container.
We'll see how to do that in a moment.
Step 4a: Create a workspace
Now choose a directory on your local system (Mac/Windows) where the Docker Container Engine is running and let's call it a workspace in my case/applications/docker/apacheconf
Step 4b: Create two directories to place HTML and conf files
Create two directories in the workspace to store the virtual host's html and conf files.
mkdir -p /apps/docker/apacheconf/sitesmkdir -p /apps/docker/apacheconf/htmlfiles
Step 4c - Create a virtual host configuration file in the site directory
Now go to the sites directory and create a configuration file for virtualhost (a website). If you have a virtualhost file of your choice, use it, or if you follow it, copy and save the following content astecholaf.conf
<host virtual *:80>Servernametecholaf.comServeraliaswww.techolaf.comServer Administrator [email protected]Dokument Root/usr/local/apache2/techolaf<directory "/usr/local/apache2/techolaf">applicationdeny allowallow overwrite AllTo allowsinceAllrequirement Allguaranteed</directory> #Load the SSL module required to terminate SSL in Apache Load modulemódulos ssl_module/mod_ssl.so#This directive toggles the use of the SSL/TLS protocol mechanism for the proxy. Without this, you cannot use the HTTPS URL as the origin server. SSLProxyEngine an # To prevent SSL download # Set X-Forwarded-Proto to https so your origin server understands that this request is made over HTTPS #https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_headers.html#requestheader. request headerdefinir X-Forwarded-Proto "https"request headerDefine X-Forwarded-Port "443".error loglogs/techolaf-error.logcustom recordinglogs/techolaf-access.log combined# The ProxyPass directive specifies the mapping of incoming requests to the backend server (or a group of servers known as a balancer group). # Only make proxy requests with the appropriate URI "/blog" ProxyPass/mwi https://www.middlewareinventory.com#To ensure that Location: headers generated by the backend are changed to point to the reverse proxy instead of returning to themselves, #the ProxyPassReverse directive is mostly needed: ProxyPassReverse/mwi https://www.middlewareinventory.com</HostVirtual>
Step 4d: Create the HTML file in the htmlfiles directory
Save the following content in a file named index.html in the htmlfiles directory
<html><Kopf><title>TechOlaf-Homepage</title></Kopf><body><h2>Welcome to TechOlaf</h2></body></html>
Step 5: Start the httpd container docker with volumes and port forwarding
volumes– is Docker terminology to help you mount the local filesystem [directory] inside the container as a volume
Port forwarding– Forward container port to host
Stauercontainer execution \- the mail90:80 \-d - NameApache-Server \-v/applications/docker/apacheconf/sites:/usr/local/apache2/conf/sites\-v/apps/docker/apacheconf/htmlfiles:/usr/local/apache2/techolaf \httpd proxy enabled
On here
- the mail
: to forward port 80 of container to port 90 of Mac/Windows host
-d
: to run the container in the background, disconnected mode
--Name
: Specify the container's Apache server
-v
: volume assignment. ride the host/applications/docker/apacheconf/sites
I like/usr/local/apache2/conf/sites
inside the container
Now you can understand that the directories we created in the local workspace are mounted and used in the container
Actually the HTML and configuration files that we includedWebsites
mihtml files
The local directory is now used by the container and our websitetecholaf.com
it is soon
Note*: Before validating the website. You should be aware that the server name specified in the configuration file is techolaf.com and Apache will look for this name in the address bar when trying to access the site.
In the company, these things are managed with internal DNS servers. You can use your /etc/hosts file to test
Make an entry in your/etc/hostsfile as below
127.0.0.1 www.techolaf.com
Everything is ready!.
Step 6 - Validate the reverse proxy
I hope you fixed your DNS records.
With this assumption, let's access the URL
http://www.techolaf.com:90/
mihttp://www.techolaf.com:90/mwi
The set and desired result is if you try without the URI (or) the home url you should get the welcome HTML page you created, and if you use the URI
mwi
should load the contents of ourwww.middlewareinventory.com
Home page of the site.
The home page [welcome html]
Reverse proxy page with URI
Mission accomplished!
I know there are many steps here. But if you follow you can do it very easily.
Give it a try and let me know if you encounter any problems and don't hesitate to comment if you need any help or support.
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Health,
Sarav Ak
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FAQs
How to write Dockerfile for httpd? ›
- Step 1: Create a directory for Apache server files. ...
- Step 2: Building a Dockerfile. ...
- Step 3: Tag and build the Docker image. ...
- Step 4: Run the Docker image as a container. ...
- Step 5: Review the online presence of Apache Server.
- Step 1: Install Docker-CE software on Redhat 8. ...
- Step 2: Install the docker-ce software on Redhat 8. ...
- Step 3: Start the status of Docker. ...
- Step 4: Pull any Docker Image from the docker repository. ...
- Step 5: Launch the docker container with centos image.
- Download the official Nginx Docker image from Docker Hub.
- Run the Nginx Docker image as a container.
- Copy the Docker container's Nginx config file to your local file system.
- Add proxy_pass entries that point to your backend origin servers.
- Install the Apache Web Server.
- Install and configure the backend origin servers.
- Enable the mod_proxy and mod_http modules in Apache's httpd. conf file.
- Configure Apache ProxyPass and ProxyPassReverse settings.
- Restart the Apache Web Server.
- Install Docker (prerequisite);
- Pull down the official Apache httpd image from DockerHub;
- Copy your website into the Apache image's htdocs folder;
- Build a custom image based on the updated Apache httpd Docker image; and.
- Run your dockerized Apache http hosted website on port 80.
- http://localhost/ Apache should respond with a welcome page and you should see "It Works!". ...
- http://127.0.0.1/ ...
- http://127.0.0.1:8080/
...
Step 2:
- Navigate to directory /tmp/httpd-2.4. ...
- Run the command ./configure.
- If an error message is thrown requesting PCRE, jump to Step 3.
- Run the command make.
- Run the command make install.
- The -d switch to run the process as a daemon.
- The --name switch to provide a friendly name for the container.
- Mapping port 80 to an open port on your machine.
For example, if a user in Paris visits a reverse-proxied website with web servers in Los Angeles, the user might actually connect to a local reverse proxy server in Paris, which will then have to communicate with an origin server in L.A. The proxy server can then cache (or temporarily save) the response data.
Does Apache have reverse proxy? ›You can configure Apache HTTP Server as a reverse proxy for Rational DOORS Web Access. A reverse proxy server provides an extra layer of security, protects HTTP servers in the network, and improves the performance of Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) requests.
How do I setup a reverse proxy? ›
- Install Nginx. We'll be using the apt command on Ubuntu 18.04: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install nginx.
- Disable the Default Virtual Host. ...
- Create the Nginx Reverse Proxy. ...
- Test Nginx and the Nginx Reverse Proxy.
Apache HTTPD is an HTTP server daemon produced by the Apache Foundation. It is a piece of software that listens for network requests (which are expressed using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and responds to them. It is open source and many entities use it to host their websites.
What is Apache with example? ›Apache HTTP Server is a free and open-source web server that delivers web content through the internet. It is commonly referred to as Apache and after development, it quickly became the most popular HTTP client on the web.
How to configure Apache reverse proxy with SSL? ›- Uncomment the following modules: LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so. LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so. ...
- Navigate to the SSL configuration section: #Secure (SSL/TLS) connections.
- Add the following entries: # # reverse proxy. ...
- Uncomment the line: Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf.
"httpd" is the name of the deamon/service that runs in the background and processes all requests. "Apache Web Server" is the name of the software, which includes httpd.
How do you check httpd service is running or not? ›- Run the service httpd status command to confirm httpd is not running: ...
- Run the semanage port -l | grep -w http_port_t command to view the ports SELinux allows httpd to listen on: ...
- Edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf as the root user.
The default HTTP and HTTPS ports for the Web server are port 80 and 443, respectively.
What is the best practice for Dockerfile? ›- Avoid installing unnecessary packages. If you install unnecessary packages in your dockerfile, it will increase the build time and the size of the image. ...
- Chain all RUN commands. ...
- Use a . ...
- Use the best order of statements. ...
- Avoid installing unnecessary package dependencies. ...
- Using a minimal base image:
What is Dockerfile language? Go language is used to write Docker. A Dockerfile is a text file that contains collections of instructions and commands that will be automatically executed in sequence in the docker environment for building a new docker image.
What is the template of Dockerfile? ›Docker Template is a CLI plugin that introduces a top-level docker template command that allows users to create new Docker applications by using a library of templates. There are two types of templates — service templates and application templates.
Where is httpd located? ›
For example, in a default install, Apache httpd resides at /usr/local/apache2 in the Unix filesystem or "c:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2" in the Windows filesystem.
How to enable httpd in Linux? ›- Run the following command: yum install httpd.
- Use the systemd systemctl tool to start the Apache service: systemctl start httpd.
- Enable the service to start automatically on boot: systemctl enable httpd.service.
- Open up port 80 for web traffic: firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent.
Apache is used by 32.9% of all the websites whose web server we know.
Why do we need httpd? ›It provides a channel for the communication needs of applications. UDP is the basic transport layer protocol, providing an unreliable datagram service. The Transmission Control Protocol provides flow-control, connection establishment, and reliable transmission of data.
What httpd means? ›On the Web, each server has an HTTPD or Hypertext Transfer Protocol daemon that waits in attendance for requests to come in from the rest of the Web. A daemon is a program that is "an attendant power or spirit" (Webster's).
Does httpd run as root? ›Yes, apache(HTTPD) run as root regardless you can set a specific user/group for each website along with the default user that will be used with the base of it.
Is httpd the same as Tomcat? ›the Apache HTTP Server, but the fundamental difference is that Tomcat provides dynamic content by employing Java-based logic, while the Apache web server's primary purpose is to simply serve up static content such as HTML, images, audio and text.
How do I run Apache on port 8080? ›- Open Apache Config File. Open terminal and run the following command to open Apache server configuration file. ...
- Change Apache Port Number. ...
- Open Virtual Host Configuration (for Ubuntu/Debian) ...
- Restart Apache Server.
Apache HTTP server. Following choice of Top 10 Best Reverse Proxy is Apache HTTP Server. Arguably the most popular web server in the world. In fact, it be configured to act as a reverse proxy.
How do I know if my reverse proxy is working? ›A reverse proxy's settings can be validated using cURL. Send a cURL request to a URI that is expected to be forwarded to VIP and inspect the response headers. The response should include x-hacker , x-powered-by , and other headers sent by VIP alongside the headers sent by the proxy server.
What are the three types of proxies? ›
- Public proxy.
- Shared proxy.
- Private proxy.
A reverse proxy is specifically a Level 7 load balancer, dealing exclusively with web requests. A load balancer can operate on Levels 3-7 of the OSI model, handling numerous types of requests on top of web requests, e.g., DNS, SSL, TCP. A reverse proxy can perform additional roles to that of a load balancer.
What is the difference between a proxy server and a reverse proxy server? ›A traditional forward proxy server allows multiple clients to route traffic to an external network. For instance, a business may have a proxy that routes and filters employee traffic to the public Internet. A reverse proxy, on the other hand, routes traffic on behalf of multiple servers.
Is reverse proxy a VPN? ›Is VPN a forward proxy or reverse proxy? A VPN is a forward proxy. A reverse proxy is a type of proxy server that forwards requests to other servers on behalf of the client. The reverse proxy caches responses from the servers it forwards to, thereby reducing load on the origin servers.
Why you need a reverse proxy? ›A reverse proxy ultimately forwards user/web browser requests to web servers. However, the reverse proxy server protects the web server's identity. This type of proxy server also moves requests strategically on behalf of web servers, typically to help increase performance, security, and reliability.
Can a reverse proxy act as a firewall? ›By hiding the identity of your servers and using a reverse proxy as an intermediary, you make them less vulnerable to attacks. Just like a firewall, a reverse proxy won't be able to hold off attacks to your internal network by itself. But when you combine the two, you can arrive at a very strong line of defense.
Can reverse proxy be hacked? ›If a reverse proxy has a path-based rule which allows aggressive caching, an attacker can create such a path which falls into the rule but will be interpreted as a completely different path by a backend server.
Why is Apache called HTTPd? ›When Apache is running under Unix, its process name is httpd , which is short for "HTTP daemon".
What language is Apache httpd written in? ›Apache HTTP Server
Can Apache be hacked? ›Cybersecurity researchers recently uncovered an extremely severe zero-day vulnerability in the Apache log4j logging library. The exploit can be used by hackers to take complete control of devices and servers running everything from iCloud and Amazon to Twitter and Minecraft: Java Edition.
Is Apache a web server? ›
Apache is a free and open-source software that allows users to deploy their websites on the internet. It is one of the oldest and most reliable web server software maintained by the Apache Software Foundation, with the first version released in 1995.
Why Apache is used in Linux? ›Apache is the most commonly used Web server on Linux systems. Web servers are used to serve Web pages requested by client computers. Clients typically request and view Web pages using Web browser applications such as Firefox, Opera, Chromium, or Internet Explorer.
What is the difference between apache2 and httpd? ›Generally, Apache and httpd are used interchangeably. The only subtle difference that seems to exist between them is that Apache generally runs as a service for Windows NT, 200 and XP. On the other hand, in Unix it runs as a typical daemon (httpd) that handles requests without any interval in the background.
Does reverse proxy terminate SSL? ›An SSL terminating reverse proxy is simply a web server that is configured to accept encrypted https requests from clients, and to forward them as unencrypted http requests to another backend process, and to relay the unencrypted results from the backend process back to the client via the encrypted channel.
How do I force Apache to HTTPS? ›- Add the same lines in the file at /opt/bitnami/apache/conf/bitnami/bitnami-ssl. conf.
- Add the same lines in any file ending with the prefix -vhost. ...
- After modifying the Apache configuration files, open port 443 in the server firewall. ...
- Restart Apache to apply the changes.
End-to-end security is achieved by establishing a secure channel between the client and the server after the proxy has connected to the server and confirmed the operation to the client. An HTTP proxy should not be used for HTTPS resources for purposes other than debugging or espionage.
How do I write a Dockerfile for Microservices? ›- Make sure Docker and Docker Compose are properly installed (tutorial) and you know your Docker IP (typically localhost ; when using Docker Toolbox, run docker-machine ip on your command line).
- Use Docker Compose to build the Docker images by running. ...
- Use Docker Compose to run the example microservices.
- $ INSTRUCTION argument(s)
- $ cd ~ $ mkdir Docker. ...
- FROM ebian:10.9. RUN apt-get update && \ ...
- $ cd ~/Docker. $ docker build –pull –rm -f “Dockerfile” -t docker:latest “.”
- $ docker run -p 80:80 --name nginx docker.
- $ docker container ls.
- Shell Script to Build Docker Image. Create a bash file named builddockerimage.sh on terminal. sudo nano builddockerimage.sh. Paste the below shell script into it. ...
- Run the Shell Script. Now the Run the shell script using below command. bash builddockerimage.sh.
A Dockerfile is a text file that has a series of instructions on how to build your image. It supports a simple set of commands that you need to use in your Dockerfile. There are several commands supported like FROM, CMD, ENTRYPOINT, VOLUME, ENV and more.
Can we create microservices without Docker? ›
Do Microservices require Containers/Docker/Kubernetes? No, Microservices are about logical separation, not physical.
Which language is used in Dockerfile? ›Go language is used to write Docker. A Dockerfile is a text file that contains collections of instructions and commands that will be automatically executed in sequence in the docker environment for building a new docker image.
How to build a docker image in Linux? ›- Set Up Docker on Your Computer. If you haven't already, create a DockerHub account and install Docker on your computer. ...
- Explore Docker Containers (optional) ...
- Create a Dockerfile. ...
- Build, Name, and Tag the Image. ...
- Test Locally. ...
- Push to DockerHub. ...
- Running Jobs.
- Write a Dockerfile for your application.
- Build the image with docker build command.
- Host your Docker image on a registry.
- Pull and run the image on the target machine.
A Dockerfile describes a Docker image not a container. The container is an instance of this image. If you want to run a container without building an image (which means without creating a Dockerfile), you need to use an existing image on the Docker Hub (link here).
How to create a docker script? ›- Create ephemeral containers.
- Understand build context.
- Pipe Dockerfile through stdin. Build an image using a Dockerfile from stdin, without sending build context. ...
- Exclude with .dockerignore.
- Use multi-stage builds.
- Don't install unnecessary packages.
- Decouple applications.
- Minimize the number of layers.
Docker Exec Bash
The most popular usage of the “docker exec” command is to launch a Bash terminal within a container. In order to start a Bash shell in a Docker container, execute the “docker exec” command with the “-it” option and specify the container ID as well as the path to the bash shell.
The keywords of Docker are develop, ship and run anywhere. The whole idea of Docker is for developers to easily develop applications, ship them into containers which can then be deployed anywhere.
Is Dockerfile an image or container? ›A Dockerfile is a recipe for creating Docker images. A Docker image gets built by running a Docker command (which uses that Dockerfile ) A Docker container is a running instance of a Docker image.
What is the default host IP address for Docker? ›By default, Docker uses 172.17. 0.0/16.